Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Lightly grease an 8x8-inch or 9x9-inch ceramic baking dish with butter.
Toss the sliced apples in a large mixing bowl with maple syrup, flour, ground cinnamon, nutmeg, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until every slice is evenly coated.
Transfer the spiced apple mixture into the prepared baking dish and gently press down into an even layer.
In a separate bowl, combine the rolled oats, flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Add the cold cubed butter and use your fingers or a pastry cutter to work the butter into coarse pea-sized crumbly clusters.
Scatter the oat streusel evenly over the apple layer, ensuring full coverage from edge to edge so the fruit remains juicy underneath.
Bake for 38 to 42 minutes until the apples are fork-tender, the cinnamon juices are bubbling vigorously along the edges, and the oat streusel is deep golden brown. Cool for 10 minutes before serving warm with vanilla ice cream.